BEWITAL EE3D specialist in milk & fat Basics and recommendations for the supply

Introduction Healthy, long-lived and productive dairy cows - that‘s what dairy farmers want. But finding the right balance between health, performance and efficient feeding is a challenge for many farms. Increasing daily milk yields across the entire dairy herd are leading to sharply rising feed requirements, particularly in terms of energy supply. Particularly in the first third of lactation, energy deficiencies quickly lead to subsequent health and fertility problems. Currently, the average dairy farm only reaches just under three lactations. To improve the economics of milk production in the...

2. Vegetable oils and their processing 3. Solutions for dairy cow's different metabolic situations 4. Production processes and product lines of fat powders

The nutritional requirements of dairy cows must primarily be covered by feed intake. Additional energy from mobilisation of body fat is limited. Increa- 1.1 Development of milk yield When optimising protein supply, it is important to ensure that cows have an adequate supply of amino acids, especially when milk yields are high. sing the energy concentration should not lead to overloading the rumen with rapidly available carbohydrates. Milk yield has increased enormously through performance development in breeding. This is especially clear when examining the developments of milk yield over the...

1.3 Gut health 70 to 80 percent of an animal‘s immune system is located in the gut. So the gut plays a key role in health and performance. Therefore, our primary goal should be to promote healthy intestinal development as early as possible and to maintain it afterwards. A healthy intestinal flora and an intact gut barrier also prevent endotoxins from entering the bloodstream and having a negative impact on the metabolism. Optimum metabolic health of dairy cows is the most important factor for economic milk production. Only a healthy gut can optimally absorb and process nutrients. 1.2 Rumen health...

1.5 Principles of energy supply A healthy gut contributes significantly to high milk yield First class quality ration is essential for today’s high-yield and good fertility. It also contributes to the well-being of cow. The crucial factor is the supply of energy. Disruption the cow and therefore to animal welfare. in this supply can lead to a reduction of body reserves. Growth Feed intake Milk yield A high mobilization of body fat for instance has a negative High quality vege- effect on the animal´s health and therefore also on milk table fats serve yield. The energy requirements of high performance...

1.6 E nergy metabolism and health The first third of lactation is a critical time for high-yiel- The metabolic processes that take place in the fatty tissue during dissolution/mobili- ding cows. During this period, milk yield, as well as the sation are directly related to the development of immune cells in the fatty tissue. This demand on energy, are at a peak. In contrast however is a sign of an inflammatory reaction. the actual ration intake has not yet reached maximum after calving. This is why cows are often not able to cover In the course of the next lactations and the recurring fat mobilisation,...

1.7 P roblem area high performance – health and fertility 2|V egetable oils and their processing High milk yield Various vegetable oils are used in the production of ration for Limited ration intake dairy cows. The raw oils, which are extracted from seeds and fruits, are cleaned in the refining process. Unwanted substances stored Energy deficiency Poor quality roughage during growth (e.g. toxins, dioxins, pesticide residues), are removed. Undersupply of the reproductive anatomy In addition to the refined oils (triglyceride), by-products such as Fat mobilisation Ruminal disorders – acidosis free...

2.2 Stability of fats in the rumen At body temperature, refined oils in the rumen are in Fats from grass and corn and vegetable oils often consist liquid form. Due to their structure they are digestible by of unsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic acid (C18:3), ruminal microbes. However, in high quantities they can linoleic acid (C18:2) and oleic acid (C18:1). The biohydro- disrupt the metabolism. Therefore a maximum of 600- genation of fats in the rumen of the dairy cow is a micro- 1000 g of rumen non-stable oils per day should not be bial process in which unsaturated fatty acids are conver-...

Processes for the production of rumen-stable fats Rumen-stable fats can be produced through the use of The oldest method of producing rumen-stable fats is saponification. various processing methods. Fatty acids produced during the refining process are mixed with calcium or sodium. During the saponification, protection from microbial attacks is generated through the esterification with calcium or sodium. Refined Oils Fatty Acids • Adequate rumen This process depends on the pH-value. A reliable rumen-stability is only possible at a pH-value of over 6.5. yield cows cannot be Under acidic conditions...

Hydrogenated fats are processed in the production of fat powders. Improved processing in the production of rumen-stable fats is possible through the reduction of the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids and an increase of the proportion of saturated fatty acids (especially C 16:0 and C 18:0). Vegetable oils based on C 16:0 and C 18:0 have a typical mel-ting point of over 50 °C. This means that in solid form, under standard outside temperatures they are rumen-stable. The reduction of the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids can be reached through two different processes: • Heating of liquid...

It‘s all about the mixture: Palmitin (C16:0) and stearin (C18:0) Many studies on dairy cows show: The combination of palmitic and stearic acid Due to the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, stearic acid is the in rumen-stable fat has advantages for high predominant fatty acid in the gut. Stearic acid is used for energy production milk yields. and is not stored in the liver. Palmitic acid is incorporated into milk fat and leads to accumulation of liver fat when intake via feed is too high during periods of negative energy balance. BLOOD PLASMA LIVER Free fatty acids Rumen-stable fats...