Basic knowledge on beacons
40Pages

BASIC KNOWLEDGE BEACONS

BEACONS: ABC The new Beacons ABC addresses all those who work directly or indirectly with beacons, purchase them, or those who would simply like to know more about them. Each of these groups bear in their own capacity responsibility for the safety of people, vehicles and loads. Whether in the agricultural or municipal sector, or as a driver on country roads. The right beacon on a vehicle can increase safety substantially. With this ABC, we would like to contribute to making your decision to find the right beacon for the matching application easier. This decision is not easy and we would...

WHEN CAN/MUST A BEACON BE USED AND WHY? The application and use of beacons in road traffic is regulated in the Road Traffic Regulations (StVO)/Road Traffic Licensing Regulations (StVZO). They indicate when and how beacons are to be used. §38 StVO Blue and amber flashing lights (1) A blue flashing light together with a siren may only be used in matters of the upmost urgency to save human lives or avert any severe threat to health, to prevent any threat to public safety or order, to pursue any person attempting to escape, or to preserve property. It rules: "All other road-users must clear the...

WHICH BEACONS ARE PERMITTED FOR ROAD TRAFFIC? – THE ECE R65 DIRECTIVE A beacon may only be used in public road traffic when it meets the ECE R65 directive. The ECE R65 is the European directive for beacons. It specifies the required light values, light distribution and attachment specifications, etc. Can also be viewed at www.unece.org (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) The large E-approval mark (here ) shows whether the beacon meets the ECE R65 directive and has therefore approval. Key: e1 = EMV test number CE = CE marking E1 = Test mark TA1 T = 360 ° A = Amber; B = Blue 1 =...

LIGHT INTENSITY OF BEACONS The luminous intensity that warning lights emit is particularly important to be visible in heavy traffic. The luminous intensity is generally measured in candela (cd), whereby this information is calculated as follows: 1 cd = 1 lux to 1 m distance. A rotating beacon emits different amounts of light depending on the position of the reflector. For this reason, the peak luminous intensity is measured in such cases. The unit used for this purpose is peak candela, abbreviated to cd (p). In each case = the effective luminous intensity in a specified direction for both...

ECE R65 Light values according to ECE R65 The light values to be obtained are indicated with the aid of the effective luminous intensity. An amber beacon must, for example, reach a luminous intensity of 70 cd (effective candela) at night at a vertical angle of +8°. A blue beacon must, on the other hand, reach 25 cd at night at a vertical angle of +4°. Light distribution as per ECE R 65 Each in cd (candela)

ECE R65 Light distribution according to ECE R65 (E-test mark) In accordance with the ECE R65 directive, it must be guaranteed that beacons supplied function perfectly with standard company use despite any vibrations which occur, and that the characteristics described in this regulation are maintained. A beacon must be fitted to a vehicle to enable the warning signal to be seen from a perimeter of 25 m (see Graphic 1). If this is not possible, additional warning systems (e.g. more beacons) must be fitted to the vehicle (see Graphic 2). It is important that the beacon is designed in such a...

ECE R10 What is EMC (ECE-R10)? Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) describes two factors which are essential quality features for optical signaling systems: Radiated interference: the limitation of radiated electromagnetic interference to a level that guarantees the interference-free operation of other devices in the environment. Immunity to interference: guaranteeing sufficiently high resistance to external electromagnetic interference The legal foundations for this are the CISPR 25 as well as the ISO 7637 and 11452. Protective categories standard CISPR 25: CISPR 25 is the standard for...

Protection category IP 5K4K Dust may only penetrate to such an extent that function and safety are not impaired. Water that is sprayed from every direction at increased pressure against the housing must not have any damaging effect: water pressure approx. 4 bar. Protection category IP 5K9K Dust may only penetrate to such an extent that function and safety are not impaired. Water that is directed from high-pressure / steam-jet equipment onto the housing must not have any damaging effect: water pressure approx. 100 bar. Type of protection: IP67 Dust must not penetrate. No water may penetrate,...

INTELLIGENT ELECTRONICS CONCEPTS ... ... guarantee the protection the LEDs need. Inverse polarity protection and protection from voltage peaks are necessary for the reliable realisation of extremely long LED design lives. When a current flows through the LED from the anode + to cathode –, light is produced (emitted). The diagram below illustrates how this works: A high degree of efficiency is achieved by means of the intelligent electronics concept of the LEDs. Cathode n-doped layer Active layer (pn transition) Light radiation "Band gap" p-doped layer Cathode Bond wire LED die Die bond...

LED'S ARE NOT ALL THE SAME With LEDs you are investing in high-quality technology – but a significant reduction in follow-on costs and a longer problem-free design life means that this technology will pay off. The widespread use of LEDs is the best indication of their clear benefits. However, certain factors must be taken into account. With temperature management Temperature management dissipates heat away from the LEDs and transfers it to the surroundings. Without temperature management If heat is not dissipated away from the LEDs, hotspots develop. These damage the LEDs and can even cause...

WHICH BEACON FOR WHICH USE? There is no general answer to this question. Even for identical areas of application, for example, on a tractor, there is no uniform response. The selection can, however, be clearly narrowed with the help of certain criteria. To find the right beacon for the right application, you should ask yourself the following questions before purchasing. Initial price or life cycle costs? HELLA quality always pays off in the end! This questions is closely related to the first question. If you compare the current costs of purchasing a halogen beacon with those of an LED...