Steelslag used as liming agent for agriculture and processed in respect with the French standard NFU

Influence of slag on the structure of soil • Neutral value (NV = CaO + MgO) of slag is efficient, the calcium silicates and the lime included in slag increase NV • Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and mainly saturated by Ca will improve fertility. CEC of a soil is the capacity of the soil to retain the cations = nutrients for plants.The cohesive forces introduced will help a soil structure developped and stable.  Higher resistance to rain and erosion,  Higher capacity to retain water and fertilizers, Ph variations – water (after 40 weeks) Comparaison entre chaux vive et scories d’une dose de...

Evolution of soil pHAdvantages of soil mineral amendment • There is a natural trend for the cultivated soil to become more acid The plants , cereals, grains absorb basic elements (Ca, Mg, K) - Fertilizers reinforce the soil acidity . Particularly Azote/Nitrogen fertilizer - Natural rain can also contribute to increase soil acidity - All soil have a different mineralogy, some are more acid than others

Fine steel slag processing with roller press Grinding with roller press Grinding technology allows to obtain fines less than 1mm

• Slag spreading on soil between March and October each year • Estimated needs: 1/1.5 ton of slag per ha • Slag obtained by grinding • Slag offered to LKAB in UK and around which can be sold based on UK norm.

The best moment to spread is Spring and AutumnList of interesting elements to be surveyed in order to inform customers/farmers:Content Percent in mass of Calciumoxid (CaO) Percent in mass of Magnesiumoxid (MgO) Percent in mass of Phosphat (P2O5) Percent in mass of Silicium (SiO2) Percent in mass of Mangan (Mn) Percent in mass of basic activ ingredient Trace of Zink (Zn) and Kupfer (Cu) Chromium 6 - serve as plant nutrients and stabilizers for soil aggregates, - magnesium has a better solubility than magnesium carbonate in limestone and dolomite, - silicate has beneficial effects on plant health,...

Steelslag for agriculture Detailed effects of slag used in fields Past studies Dr. Martin Rex Arbeitsgemeinschaft Hüttenkalk e.V. Bliersheimer Straße 62 47229 Duisburg Germany Copyright © ArcelorMittal 7/6/2026

Improved water infiltration capacity of the soil by liming on a loamy soil (Liming field trial Arzdorf) water infiltration capacity (Liter/dm² in 10 min) mean values of 3 years 18 16 14 Soil Arzdorf silt loam 20 % clay 2,4 % humus Control (non-limed) Carbonate Limestone Blast Furnace Lime Converter Lime

Effects of liming on soil structure in the field trial Rösrath (near Cologne) January 1993 Control (non-limed) Converterlime Carbonate Limestone

Effects of liming on maize development in the long-term liming experiment Essershausen (19th experimental year) 21. June 2011 Energy Maize Carbonate : Lime:

350 n □ Control (non-limed) □ Blast Furnace Lime 13 sandy soil 16 loamy soils 5 clayey soils soil texture

Phosphate mobilisation by converter lime Mean results from two long-term field trials with annual liming over 6 years -1 mean yields (t GE ha year ) without phosphate without lime without lime carbonate limestone converter lime

Phosphate mobilisation by converter lime Mean results from two long-term field trials with annual liming over 6 years mean yield (t GE ha year ) Triple Super Phosphate Liming compensation with converter lime

Relative share of water soluble SiO2 in total SiO2 of different slag types and soil improvers Water soluble SiO2 Relative share in total SiO2 (%) al bi al al ite er 1 lime e e e g A me A me B alk D ime 4 me E lag 2 lag 1 m n a o m m o m v l t li li li s K lt e n e ro idue rk as l r r r a e n n F s OF s p e F e e e t s o o t t t B r B O A t t m s r r r a i s R B il ve onve Thom nve ed B ed B ve Re old s n n AK Biolit So o o h K Co rich C C elg ric f i n n E Pe Pe

Relative share of CAL soluble SiO2 in total SiO2 of different slag types and soil improvers CAL soluble SiO2 Relative share in total SiO2 (%) bi eal nite ime er 1 eal g A e B e E e 4 e C g 2 e D ime g 1 e A g B m l l Ko ne m ento due prov ne m F sla r lim r lim s lim r lim F sla r lim as F sla r lim F sla B esi l im sto B erte erte ma erte BO erte hom BO erte B RA lit sto o nv i v v v v T d K R d d h l o n n n n e A Bio T Co ch S lgo he Co Co Co Co e ri ric f i n n E Pe Pe