NH3 emissions: Comparison ofswivellingspreaderand otherslurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Moscha GbR, maker of swivellingspreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 1 Test#1 ("Oberroth"), 18.05.2016, wind force 1, air temperature 22°C, sunshine meas. date#1 meas. date#2 swivelling sp., loc#1 8 ppm Test#2 ("Huber GbR"), 02.06.2016, wind force 3, air temperature 14°C, overcast sky swivelling sp. splash plate dribble bar trailing shoe Conclusion: 1. Significant difference between swivelling and splah plate spreader (approx. by factor of 2). 2. No big difference between dribble hose and swivelling spreaders. More and better measurements necessary.

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 2 Comparison of slurry spreaders. Swivelling vs splash plate spreader. Test#1, 18.05.2016, meas. date#1. All measurements 10cm above ground. Splash plate

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 3 Comparison of slurry spreaders. Swivelling vs splash plate spreader. Test#1, 18.05.2016, meas. date#2. All measurements within buckets. Splash plate Bucket upside-down, meas. after 8 minutes. Swivelling sp. Meas. NH3 values: - Swivelling spreader: 60 ppm - Splash plate:100 ppm

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 4 Test#2: Measurements on 02.06.2016 at Huber GbR (Germany, Meßstetten, near Albstadt) centrifugal pump tanker with splash plate (downward-spreading), lobe pump tanker with Möscha swivelling spreader, tankers with dribble bar and trailing shoe approximate slurry application with all tankers: 22.000 liters/acre

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 5 Remarks on the test setup: Buckets with sharp edge 5l bucket, material PP, cleaned by dishwasher, with drill hole for extracting air of the inside by the measurement device (drill hole only opened for measurment); The buckets were pushed into the ground, the sharp edge was at least 5mm under the surface of the grassland to ensure tightness. However, there was a potential source of error: no weights on the buckets  shaking?...

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 6 Swivelling spreader photos

NH3 emissions: Comparison ofswivellingspreaderand otherslurryspreadingtechniques. Measurments byMoscha GbR, maker of swivellingspreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 7 \v£xS.\TWf,->»"miWHIIwBwbhnMBHIMs • . ■’, ,,.,„**,* , RJt;V A**.'- ifi ■-A 'imdA '^'y :, v-;.. y V, ’’ MlUrj Vo , 1 s • 1 ., . > . • V,Ok'i*^ - • • ♦ *** . \ ■ t - ', 4<aK53E' tSb^V''W* \' l v, . 4 »4 »>•. i. ,v- x '-V ■■ .v - '> l, i A -■?■'',(&', ■%■/■'•''' '< ■>■' ■'' i"

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 8 Dribble bar photos Blue buckets: With the dribble bar lifted, the amount of slurry from left to rigth could be measured. High variation is obvious, thus no even spreading is given.

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 9 Trailing shoe photos

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 10 Measurement of NH3 by Möscha GbR: Principle. Method and equipment have been double-checked by the measurement specialist SEWERIN on 18.05.2016 during a field test in Oberroth. Measurement range: 0 – 100ppm air concentration of NH3, accuracy +/- 1ppm

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 11 Measurement of NH3 by Möscha GbR: Result. Environment: There was a side wind with an approximate strength of 3, temperature 14°C, overcast sky. For each spreader, three measurements were done (one bucket for each spreader, always at same location): Meas. date#1, without bucket: 7min after the slurry was spread, directly in the air, 4cm above the ground Meas. date#2, with bucket: 15min after the slurry was spread, a representative...

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 12 Photos of test#2, measurement date#2 swivelling: 27ppm – splash plate: 41ppm – dribble bar: 22ppm – trailing shoe: 1

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 13 Photos of test#2, measurement date#3 swivelling: 22ppm – splash plate: 41ppm – dribble bar: 35ppm – trailing shoe: 1

NH3 emissions: Comparison of swivelling spreader and other slurry spreading techniques. Measurments by Möscha GbR, maker of swivelling spreaders. Date: 02.06.2016. Slide: 14 Recommendation for upcoming tests • For the investigation of each spreader, 4 buckets should be used. This enables to identify different kinds of errors (e.g. no tightness, location of measurement not representative). All buckets with unique ID, clearly marked, each bucket position documented in plan and by photo. • All buckets beaten with a hammer into the ground, and then fixed there by an additional weight of at least...